1. First Pendulum Experiment: By counting cycles of a pendulum we can determine the relationship between pendulum period and length, and hence between pendulum frequency and length. This allows us to use a pendulum as an accurate timer.
2. Pendulum as Timer Part 1, Pendulum as Timer Part 2: By manipulating the length of a pendulum we can synchronize its motion with two events. For events separated by less than about a second we can obtain a more accurate timing than we could by using a stopwatch or another user-triggered device.
3. Dynamics Cart on Various Inclines, Part 1, Dynamics Cart on Various Inclines, Part 2: By timing the motion of a dynamics cart as it accelerates uniformly from rest through a known distance down straight inclines at four different small slopes we obtain information which allows us to plot acceleration vs. incline slope.
4. Dynamics Cart on Incline through Various Distances: By timing the motion of a dynamics cart as it accelerates from rest through various distances down a fixed incline we obtain a reasonable test of whether acceleration on the incline is independent of position and velocity.
5. Dynamics Cart vs. Steel Ball: We compare the motion of a dynamics cart rolling down an incline with that of a uniform steel ball rolling down the same incline. We compare both with the motion of a steel ball rolling down a grooved track. We also make comparisons with a larger steel ball.
6. Dynamics Cart with Meter Stick: cart and meter stick for stop-action
7. Initial, Final and Average Velocities using Synchronized Pendulum: By synchronizing a pendulum with the motion of a ball first as it accelerates a certain distance `ds from rest down a constant incline (corresponding to the first pendulum cycle or half-cycle) then as it moves with a velocity equal to its final velocity for a distance 2 `ds down a constant-velocity ramp (a ramp slightly inclined to compensate for friction) we test whether the final velocity in a uniform acceleration from rest is in fact double the average velocity (does the interval on the constant-velocity ramp synchronize with the next half-cycle or cycle?).
8. Initial, Final and Average Velocities with User-Triggered Computer Timer: By timing a ball as it accelerates from rest down a constant incline, then across a constant-velocity incline, we test whether the final velocity in a uniform acceleration from rest is in fact double the average velocity.
9. Acceleration of Gravity by Synchronizing Pendulum and Dropped Ball: By synchronizing the motion of a pendulum through a quarter-cycle (from release to a wall, for example) with the drop of a ball we can accurately time the fall of the ball. From this data we can determine the acceleration of the ball. We test whether the acceleration of the ball is independent of the altitude from which it is dropped, which will give us a good plausibility test of whether the acceleration of gravity is uniform.
10. Path of Projectile and Water Stream: A stream of water exiting a container from a hole located a vertical distance h below the water level ideally forms a parabolic path; in the real world if h isn't too great the water velocity will be low enough that air resistance doesn't significantly deflect the path. A ball rolled down a ramp through vertical distance h will follow a nearly identical path. Friction loss as the water exits the hole and energy 'trapped' in the rotational motion of the ball pretty much compensate for one another to provide an effective visual comparison.
11. Horizontal Velocity of a Projectile: By observing the horizontal distances traveled by projectile whose (equal) initial velocities are in the horizontal direction for various vertical falls, we test whether the horizontal velocity of a projectile is indeed uniform. The size, density and velocity of the projectile are such that the effects of air resistance are negligible.
12. Force vs. Displacement for Pendulum, Part I, Force vs. Displacement for Pendulum, Part II: By observing the displacement of a pendulum of mass 1180 grams and length 152 cm (observing the pendulum string 20 cm above the pendulum) by horizontal forces equal to the forces exerted by gravity on increasing numbers of 1.2-gram masses we test the hypothesis that the displacement of the pendulum is in the same proportion to its length as the horizontal displacing force to its weight.
13. Force vs. Length for a Rubber Band by Pendulum Displacement: By observing the length of a rubber band, which supplies the horizontal force to displace a pendulum of mass 1180 grams and length 152 cm, vs. the displacement of the pendulum from equilibrium we obtain a force vs. stretch curve for the rubber band.
14. Force vs. Stretch for a Rubber Band by Hanging Weights: We obtain another force vs. stretch curve by hanging one, two, three and four 50-gram masses from the rubber band and observing its length for each. We observe the consistency of our curves.